Bhuapur and Ghatail upazilas on the north, Basail and Tangail Sadar upazilas on the south, Sakhipur upazila on the east, Sirajganj Sadar and Belkuchi upazilas and the jamuna river, on the west.

The Kalihati thana was established in 1928 and was turned into an upazila in 1983. The upazila consists of one municipality, 12 union parishads, 267 mouzas, 314 villages.

Kalihati Upazila is located in Tangail District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Tangail are Basail Upazila, Bhuapur Upazila, Delduar Upazila, Ghatail Upazila, Gopalpur Upazila, Kalihati Upazila, Madhupur Upazila, Mirzapur Upazila, Nagarpur Upazila, Sakhipur Upazila, Tangail Sadar Upazila.