Jamalpur Sadar upazila on the north, Gopalpur and Ghatail upazilas on the south, Muktagachha and Fulbaria upazilas on the east.

Madhupur thana, now an upazila, was established in 1898. The upazila consists of two municipalities (Madhupur and Dhanbari),18 wards, 47 mahallas, 10 union parishads, 242 mouzas and 343 villages.

Madhupur Upazila is located in Tangail District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Tangail are Basail Upazila, Bhuapur Upazila, Delduar Upazila, Ghatail Upazila, Gopalpur Upazila, Kalihati Upazila, Madhupur Upazila, Mirzapur Upazila, Nagarpur Upazila, Sakhipur Upazila, Tangail Sadar Upazila.