Kalihati upazila on the north, Nagarpur and Delduar upazilas on the south, Basail upazila on the east, Belkuchi and Chauhali upazilas on the west.

Tangail Sadar thana was turned into an upazila in 1983. The upazila consists of one municipality, 11 union parishads, 256 mouzas and 276 villages.

Tangail Sadar Upazila is located in Tangail District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Tangail are Basail Upazila, Bhuapur Upazila, Delduar Upazila, Ghatail Upazila, Gopalpur Upazila, Kalihati Upazila, Madhupur Upazila, Mirzapur Upazila, Nagarpur Upazila, Sakhipur Upazila, Tangail Sadar Upazila.

Santosh zamindar bari (now Science, Technology and Islamic University), Karatia zamindar bari, mosque and tomb.